TYPES OF FIRES
CLASS A - fires involve common combustibles such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, trash and plastics.
CLASS B - fires involve flammable liquids, solvents, oil, gasoline, paints, lacquers and other oil-based products.
CLASS C - fires involve energized electrical equipment such as wiring, controls, motors, machinery or appliances.
CLASS D - fires involve combustible metals such as magnesium, lithium and titanium.
CLASS K - fires involve combustible cooking media such as oils and grease commonly found in commercial kitchens.
FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Fire extinguishers should be mounted in the kitchen, garage, and workshop.
Purchase an ABC type extinguisher for extinguishing all types of fires.
Learn how to use your fire extinguisher before there is an emergency.
Remember, use an extinguisher on small fires only. If there is a large fire, get out immediately and call 911 from another location.
KITCHEN
It's wise to have a fire extinguisher near the kitchen. Keep it 10 feet away from the stove on the exit side of the kitchen.
Never pour water on a grease fire; turn off the stove and cover the pan with a lid, or close the oven door.
Keep pot handles on the stove pointing to the back, and always watch young children in the kitchen.
Don't store items on the stove top, as they could catch fire.
Keep kitchen appliances clean and in good condition, and turn them off and disconnect them when not in use.
Don't overload kitchen electrical outlets and don't use appliances with frayed or cracked wires.
Wear tight-fitting clothing when you cook. Here's why: An electrical coil on the stove reaches a temperature of 800 degrees. A gas flame goes over 1,000 degrees. Your dish towel or pot holder can catch fire at 400 degrees. So can your bathrobe, apron, or loose sleeve.
Be sure your stove is not located under a window in which curtains are hanging.
Clean the exhaust hood and duct over the stove regularly. and wipe up spilled grease as soon as the surface of the stove is cool.
Operate your microwave only when there is food in it.
THINKING AHEAD: YOUR EXIT PLAN
Prepare a floor plan of your home showing at least two ways out of each room.
Sleep with your bedroom door closed. In the event of fire, it helps to hold back heat and smoke. But if a door feels hot, do not open it; escape through another door or window.
For second story rooms use a rope escape ladder.
Agree on a fixed location out-of-doors where family members are to gather for a head count.
Stay together away from the fire. Call 911 from another location. Make certain that no one goes back inside the burning building.
Check corridors and stairways to make sure they are free of obstructions and combustibles.
To help cut down on the need for an emergency exit in the first place, clear all unnecessary items from the attic, basement, garage, and closets.
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
In many older homes, the capacity of the wiring system has not kept pace with today's modern appliances. Overloaded electrical systems invite fire. Watch for these overload signals: dimming lights when an appliance goes on, a shrinking TV picture, slow heating appliances, or fuses blowing frequently. Call a qualified electrician to get expert help.
It is better not to use extension cords. If you feel you must use one, make sure that it is not frayed or worn. Do not run it under a rug or twist it around a nail or hook.
Never overload a socket. In particular, the use of "octopus" outlets, outlet extensions that accommodate several plugs, is strongly discouraged.
Do not use light bulb wattage which is too high for the fixture. Look for the label inside each fixture which tells the maximum wattage.
Check periodically for loose wall receptacles, loose wires, or loose lighting fixtures. Sparking means that you've waited too long.
Allow air space around the TV to prevent overheating. The same applies to plug-in radios and stereo sets, and to powerful lamps.
If a circuit breaker trips or a fuse blows frequently, immediately cut down on the number of appliances on that line.
Be sure all electrical equipment bears the Underwriters Laboratories (UL) label.
FIREPLACE
Use a fireplace screen to prevent sparks from flying.
Don't store newspapers, kindling, or matches near the fireplace or have an exposed rug or wooden floor right in front of the fireplace.
Have your chimney inspected by a professional prior to the start of every heating season and cleaned to remove combustible creosote build-up if necessary.
Install a chimney spark arrester to prevent roof fires.
When lighting a gas fireplace, strike your match first, then turn on the gas.
CLOTHES DRYER
Never leave home with the clothes dryer running.
Dryers must be vented to the outside, not into a wall or attic.
Clean the lint screen frequently to keep the airway clear.
Never put in synthetic fabrics, plastic, rubber, or foam because they retain heat.
SMOKING
Never smoke in bed.
Don't smoke when you are drinking or are abnormally tired.
Use large, deep ashtrays, and empty them frequently.
Never dump an ashtray into the trash without wetting the butts and ashes first.
CHILDREN AND GRANDCHILDREN
Keep lighters and matches out of the reach of children.
Never leave children unattended with fire or space heaters.
Children are naturally curious about fire, so keep an eye on them. But if a child repeatedly plays with fire or seems to have a morbid fascination with fire, seek professional help at once.
If youngsters live with you or stay overnight occasionally, be sure that they know how to escape from every room and are part of your emergency exit plan. [See "Thinking Ahead" above]
SMOKE DETECTORS
Install smoke detectors on every level of your home and outside of sleeping areas.
Test every detector at least once a month. [See your instruction book for the location of the test button.
Keep smoke detectors dust free. Replace batteries with new ones at least once a year, or sooner if the detector makes a chirping sound.
If you have a smoke detector directly wired into your electrical system, be sure that the little signal light is blinking periodically. This tells you that the alarm is active.
Inexpensive smoke detectors are available for the hearing impaired.
FURNACE/SPACE HEATERS
Install and maintain heating equipment correctly. Have your furnace inspected by a professional prior to the start of every heating season.
Don't store newspapers, rags, or other combustible materials near a furnace, hot water heater, space heater, etc.
Don't leave space heaters operating when you're not in the room.
Keep space heaters at least three feet away from anything that might burn, including the wall.
Don't use extension cords with electrical space heaters. The high amount of current they require could melt the cord and start a fire.
When lighting a gas space heater, strike your match first, then turn on the gas.
Never use a gas range as a substitute for a furnace or space heater.
GASOLINE AND OTHER FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS
Flammable liquids should be stored only in approved safety containers, and the containers should be kept outside the house and garage in a separate storage shed.
Gas up lawn equipment outside, away from enclosed areas and any source of sparks or heat.
Start the equipment 10 feet from where you filled it with fuel.
Don't fill a hot lawn mower or other motor; let it cool first.
Never clean floors or do other general cleaning with gasoline or flammable liquids.